文明铺子·双语专栏 | 中国象棋-尊龙凯时首页

□陈保君（马来西亚） 邓琳娜（罗马尼亚）

中国有许多不同玩法和类型的棋盘游戏。其中，中国象棋是东半球非常风靡的一款智力与策略的桌游游戏之一，是一种由两人对峙的棋盘游戏。它由两支红黑两方组成，双方各有16枚棋子，分别为1颗黑将或红帅、2颗黑士或2颗红仕、2颗黑象或红相、2颗黑馬或红馬、2颗黑车或红车、2颗黑砲或红炮和5黑卒或红兵，棋盘是以9条竖线、10条横线相交，共有90个交叉点，而棋盘中间空白地则是楚河汉界，而9在中国是最大的数字，意味着多与广。

棋盘背后仿佛隐藏着一个故事，在棋盘上，两个将军带领着它们各自的部队和兵卒开始彼此之间斗智斗勇的战争。彼此靠着自身的智力与领导能力展开搏斗，而胜利的那一方就能占地为王。这让我想起三国演义，当中诸葛亮为刘备出谋划策，靠着心理较量，巧妙周旋来谋取胜利。

追溯回历史，中国象棋也叫象碁。由于象棋的历史记载不详，所以民间传流了不同版本的传说和神话故事。

版本一：在公元200年以前，一位叫韩信的西汉将军，长期为国带领者军队为国大战并胜利夺取其他国家领土，深受皇帝喜爱。但后来皇帝听信吕后的谗言，误认韩信想独揽大权，有谋权篡位之嫌。因此，他被皇帝下监入狱。韩信自知自身性命难保，于是就将毕生所学的战场战术以画在纸上的方式，传授给了狱卒并传授他战术之道。当中包含楚河汉界四字以及代表各方的32枚棋子。韩信被处死后，狱卒带着韩信的传授之术归隐山林，远离官场并在闲暇之余研究并推演棋理，写成棋谱。后来，将其发扬光大，传入人世。

版本二：有人传，象棋原本被解读为“大象游戏”，认为来源是来自于印度，这只因象棋中的“象”字。后来，可能受战国军队格局的影响，经过改进演变成了今天的象棋等等。

象棋的起源各抒己见，众说纷纭。因此，至今仍然无法对象棋背后的由来做一个明确的统一。

在西方，类似于象棋的叫西洋棋，也叫国际象棋。国际象棋与象棋不同之处在于它的外观和棋子。国际象棋也是各持16枚棋子，但不同的是它们棋子的名称：1个国王、1个皇后、2个主教、2个骑士、2个战车和8个棋子。另外棋盘也不同，西方是以8乘8面积的正方格棋盘。

在我上小学时，时常看到父亲与兄长下象棋。给我印象深刻的是，中国象棋讲究礼仪和棋品，讲究先礼后兵。通常开局时，会先有握手礼、点头礼或拱手礼，后有兵戎相见。下棋还有很多学问，如在下棋期间不得有悔棋、发脾气、敲打棋子、催促对手、利用言语侮辱以及藐视对方的举动。因为一个人的棋品代表着一个人的品格与修养，棋品如人品应该是这样来的。

如今，似乎象棋以成为了中国人日常生活的爱好之一。有些老年人无论早与晚，都可以和自己的朋友对弈到忘记时间。当然，年轻人对象棋不太感冒，可能更倾向于下围棋。无论如何，中国象棋可说是最具有挑战的智力游戏，它结合了围棋的设计与思想理念。其中体现出的智慧博大精深，学问更是深不可测。正所谓，人生如棋，棋如人生。

chinese chess

there are many board gameswithdifferent playing methods and types in china. among them, chinese chess is one of the most popular board games displaying the players’ intelligenceand strategy in the eastern hemisphere. it is a board game played by two peopleplaying against each other. it is composed of two armies: one red andoneblack, each of which has 16 pieces, including a black general or a red commander, two black soldiers or two red officials, two black elephants or red elephants, two black horses or red horses, two black cars or red horses, two black guns or red guns, five black soldiers or red soldiers. the chessboard is intersected by 9 vertical lines and 10 horizontal lines, with a total of 90 intersections, while the middle of the chessboard is blank. it is the chu river and the han world, and 9 is the largest number in china, which means more and more.

there seems to be a story hidden behind the chessboard.on thechessboard, two generals led their respective troops and soldiers to start a battle of wits and courage against each other. it is like fighting each other with their own intelligence and command abilities, and the victorious party can occupy land and become the king. this reminds me of the romance of the three kingdoms, in which zhuge liang gave advice to liu bei, relying on psychological competition and ingenious maneuver toassure their victory.

back in history, chinese chesswasalso called xiangqi. because the historical records of chess are unknown, different versions of legends and fairy tales have been passed on among the people. the first version, before 200 ad, a general of the western han dynasty named han xin, who led the army for a long time to fight for the country and win the territory of other countries, was deeply respectedby the emperor, but later the emperor was slandered by empress lv, mistaking han xin for wanting to monopolize power and suspectedhimof usurping power. therefore, he was imprisoned by the emperor. han xin knew that his life was hard to protect, so he taught the prison guards the battlefield tactics he had learned all his life by painting them on paper. it includes the four characters of chu river and han dynasty and 32 pieces representing all parties. after han xin was put to death, the jailer retired to the mountains with han xin's teaching skills, stayed away from officialdom, studied and practiced chess theory in his spare time, and wrote a chess manual. later, it was carried forward and introduced tothe entire world.

thesecond version explains howchess was originally interpreted as "elephant game", which was believed to originate from india only because of the character "elephant" in chess. later, it may be affected by the military structure of the warring states, and it has evolved into today's chess after continuous improvements.

the origin of chess has differentversions. therefore, it is still impossible to finda clear explanationforthe origin of chess.

in the west, similarto xiangqiit is internationally known aschess. chess differs from the chinese versionin its appearance and pieces. chess also has16 pieces each, but the biggest differenceis that they have queens, such as oneking, onequeen, 2 bishops, 2 knights, 2 chariots and 8 pieces. the chessboard is a square chessboard with an area of 8 by 8.

when i was in primary school, i often saw my father playing chess with my brother, while chinese chess was about etiquette and chess quality. usually, at the beginning of the game there will be a handshake, a nod or a bow, and thenthe actual battle. there are is a lot ofknowledgeinvolvedin playing chess, such as, one must not repent, lose his temper, knock on the pieces, urge the opponent, use words to insult and despise the opponent. because one's chess quality represents one's character and cultivation, and the chess quality should come in this way if one appreciatesthe character.

today, it seems that chess has become one of the daily hobbies of chinese people. some elderly people can play chess with their friends in the evening or in the morningand forget how time passes. they are focused onthe game. of course, young people are more inclined to play goinstead of being interested in chess. finally, chinese chess is the most challenging intellectual game, which combines the design and ideology of go. the wisdom embodied therein is even more profound and unfathomable knowledge. as the saying goes, life is like a game of chess, and a game of chess is like life.

指导老师：刘海明 王小杨